题目内容:
Questions are based on the following passage.Caught in a squeeze between thehealth needs of aging populations on one hand and thefinancial crisis on the other, governments everywhere are looking for ways toslow the growth in health-care spending. Increasingly, they are looking to thegeneric-drugs (普通药物) industry as a savior. In November Japan's finance ministry issueda report complaining that the country's use of generics was less than a thirdof that in America or Britain. In thesame month Canada's competition watchdog criticized the country's pharmaciesfor failing to pass on the savings made possible by the use of generic drugs.That greed, it reckoned, costs taxpayers nearly C$1 billion a year.
Then on November 28th the EuropeanCommission issued the preliminary results of its year-long probe into druggiants in the European Union. The report reached a damning~, thoughprovisional, conclusion: the drugs firms use a variety of unfair strategies toprotect their expensive drugs by delaying the entry of cheaper genericopponents. Though this initial report does not carry the force of law (a final reportis due early next year), it has caused much controversy. Neelie Kroes, the EU'scompetition commissioner, says she is ready to take legal action if theevidence allows.
One strategy the investigators criticizeis the use of the "patent duster( 专利群)". A firm keen to defend its drug due togo off-patent may file dozens or hundreds of new patents, often of dubiousmerit, to confuse and terrify potential copycats and maintain its monopoly. Anunnamed drugs firm once took out 1,300 patents across the EU on a single drug.The report also suggests that out-of-court settlements between makers ofpatented drags and generics firms may be a strategy used by the former to delaymarket entry by the latter.
According to EU officials, such misdeeds-have delayed the arrival of generic competition and the accompanying savings.On average, rite report estimates, generics arrived seven months after apatented drug lost its protection, though where the drug was a big seller thelag was four months. The report says taxpayers paid about q 3 billion more thanthey would have-had the generics gone on sale immediately.
But hang on a minute, Though many of thecharges of bad behavior leveled at the patented-drugs industry by EUinvestigators may well be true, the report seems to let the generics industryoff the hook(钩子) too lightly. After all, if the drugs giants stand accused, ineffect, of bribing opponents to delay the launch of cheap generics, shouldn'tthe companies that accepted those "bribes" also share the blame?
Whyare governments around the world seeking ways to reduce their health-carespending? A.They consider thegeneric-drugs industry as a savior.
B.They are under the doublepressure of aging group and financial crisis.
C.Health-care spending hasaccounted too large proportion.
D.Health-care spending hascost taxpayers too much income.
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