简答题：根据下面资料，回答题 The Dutch possessed New Netherland, later to be c

根据下面资料，回答题
The Dutch possessed New Netherland, later to be called New York, for forty years. But they werenot a migrating people. There was land to spare in Holland, and colonizing offered them neither politicalnor religious advantages which they did not already enjoy. (46) In addition, the Dutch West India Company, which undertook to establish the new world settlement, found it difficult to find competent officials to keep the colony running smoothly. Then in 1664, with a revival of British interest in colonialactivity, the Dutch settlement was taken over through conquest. Long after this, however, the Dutchcontinued to exercise an important social and economic influence. Their sharp-stepped gabled roofsbecame a permanent part of the landscape, and their merchants gave the city its characteristic commercialatmosphere.
The Dutch colonists in New Amsterdam brought with them to the new world an appreciation ofthe convivial pleasures of life which were frowned upon by the more austere settlers of Puritan NewEngland. The habits bequeathed by the Dutch also gave New York a hospitality to the pleasures ofeveryday life quiie different from the austere atmosphere of Puritan Boston. In New York, holidays were
marked by feasting and merrymaking. (47) And many Dutch customs-like the habit of calling on one's neighbors and sharing a drink with them on New Year's Day and the visit of jovial Saint Nicholas at Christmas time became countrywide customs which have survived to the present day.
With the transfer from Dutch authority, an English administrator set about remodeling the legalstructure of New York to fit English traditions. He did his work so gradually and with such wisdom andtact that he won the friendship and respect of Dutch and English alike. (48) Town governments had the autonomy characteristics of New England towns and in a few years there was a reasonably workable fusion between residual Dutch law and customs and English procedures and practice.
In direct contrast to New England and the middle colonies was the predominantly rural characterof the southern settlements of Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia. Jamestown, in Virginia,was the first colony to survive in the new world. Late in December 1606, a motley group of abouta hundred men, sponsored by a London colonizing company, set out in search of a great adventure.
They dreamed of quick riches from gold and precious stones. Homes in the wilderness were nottheir goal. (49) Among them, Captain John Smith emerged as the dominant spirit, and despite quarrels, starvation, and the constant threat of Indian attacks, his will held the little colony together through the first years.
In the earliest days, the promoting company, ever eager for quick returns, required the colonists toconcentrate on producing for export naval stores, lumber, roots, and other products for sale in the Londonmarket, instead of permitting them to plant crops and otherwise provide for their own subsistence.
(50) After a few disastrous years, however, the company eased its requirements, distributed land to the colonists, and allowed them to devote most of their energies to private undertakings. Then, in 1612, adevelopment occurred which ultimately revolutionized the economy, not only of Virginia, but of thewhole contiguous region. This was the discovery of a method of curing Virginia tobacco which wouldmake it palatable to European tastes. The first shipment of this tobacco reached London in 1614, andwithin a decade the plant gave every promise of becoming a steady and profitable source of revenue.
第（46）题答案