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根据下面资料，回答题 As part of more comprehensive compliance and ethics programs, many companies have formulated internal policies pertaining to the ethical conduct of employees． These policies can be simpleexhortations in broad, highly-generalized language (typically called a corporate ethics statement),or they can be more detailed policies, containing specific behavioral requirements (typically called
corporate ethics codes)． 56) They are generally meant to identify the company' s expectations ofworkers and to offer guidance on handling some of the more common ethical problems that might arise in the course of doing business． 57 ) It is hoped that having such a policy will lead to greaterethical awareness, consistency in application, and the avoidance of ethical disasters．
58) An increasing number of companies also requires employees to attend seminars regardingbusiness conduct, which often include discussion of the company' s policies, specific case studies,and legal requirements． Some companies even require their employees to sign agreements statingthat they will abide by the company' s rules of conduct．
Many companies are assessing the environmental factors that can lead employees to engage inunethical conduct． A competitive business environment may call for unethical behavior． Lying hasbecome expected in fields such as trading． An example of this are the issues surrounding the unethical actions of the Saloman Brothers．
Not everyone supports corporate policies that govern ethical conduct． Some claim that ethicalproblems are better dealt with by depending upon employees to use their own judgment．
Others believe that corporate ethics policies are primarily rooted in utilitarian concerns, andthat they are mainly to limit the company' s legal liability, or to curry public favor by giving theappearance of being a good corporate citizen． Ideally, the company will avoid a lawsuit because its
employees will follow the rules． 59) Should a lawsuit occur, the company can claim that the problem would not have arisen it the employee had only tollowed me code properly．
Sometimes there is disconnection between the company' s code of ethics and the company' s actual practices． 60) Thus, whether or not such conduct is explicitly sanctioned by management, atworst, this makes the policy duplicitous (搞两面派的), and, at best, it is merely a marketing tool．
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