单选题：请阅读 Passage 1, 完成小题。 Passage 1 Mark Twain has been called th

请阅读 Passage 1, 完成小题。
Passage 1
Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves
additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the yearsbefore the Civil War. H. B.Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is only the most famous example. Theseearly stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slaveryand prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readersinto the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain's novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twain's mostwidely-read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twainhimself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel "trash and suitable only forthe slums" . More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped
slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is oftenseverely criticized, never appears in it.)
But the attacks were and are silly--and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim'ssearch through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. AsJ. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction--a recognition thatthe slave had two personalities, "the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice ofthe individual: Jim, the father and the man."
There is much more. Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to theracial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdomheld Negroes to be inferior to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain's tale centered in part aroundtwo babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her master's baby and, for fear that the childshould be sold South, switched him for the master's baby by his wife. The slave's light-skinned
child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes andintonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss: nurture, not nature, was the key to social status. The features ofthe black man that provided the stuff of prejudice---manner of speech, for example--were, to Twain,indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain's racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage inhis autobiography about how much he loved what were called "nigger shows" in his youth--mostlywith white men performing in black-face--and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.
Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks onslavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist? Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same ofLincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the "wisdom" of the consideredmoral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the blackman the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state,briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injusticeand awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowe's? A．Twain was more willing to deal with racism.
B．Twain's attack on racism was much less open.
C．Twain's themes seemed to agree with plots.
D．Twain was openly concerned with racism.